The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.